Chapter 9
Construction of new cities
in development
In 1964, gas workers' settlements in Igrim and oil workers' settlements in Urai and Surgut were laid. In 1965, these settlements, as well as Nefteyugansk (1967) and Nizhnevartovsk (1972), received the status of cities.
In the north, the construction of the cities of Nadym and Novy Urengoy, as well as the urban-type workers' settlements of Mamontovo, Poikovsky, Novoagansk, Barsovo, Pangody, Tarko-Sale, and Tazovsky began during these years.
The housing stock of cities and workers' settlements in the region increased 8 timesin 1965−1985, including 16 times in the Khanty—Mansiysk Okrug and 16.8 times in the Yamalo—Nenets Autonomous District. Cities and towns are becoming more and more comfortable. The share of housing equipped with running water was 75%, sewerage — 73%, central heating — 78%, hot water supply — 50%, gas — 45%. Along with housing, social and cultural facilities were built: schools — for 302 thousand student places, preschool institutions — for 152 thousand places, hospital facilities — for 14.4 thousand. By 1985, there were 6,906 beds, retail establishments, and catering establishments, with a network of 6,906 and 4,511 units, respectively.
Over 20 years of field development, 14 cities have been built in the Tyumen North, including 10 in the Khanty—Mansiysk and 4 in the Yamalo-Nenets districts. In 1990−1992, they received the status of cities: Pyt-Yakh in the Nefteyugansk district, Lyantorsky in the Surgut district of the Khanty-Mansiysk district, Muravlenkovsky in the Yamalo-Nenets district. Together with the cities, more than 20 urban‑type settlements were built by the end of the 1980s.
Despite certain achievements, the backlog in housing construction was obvious. The objective reason for the social difficulties was the demographic situation in the newly developed areas. At the beginning of field development, new industries needed a large number of workers to form production teams, which the region, especially the oil and gas producing areas, did not have. Therefore, the main contingent of workers and employees of new industries was formed at the expense of newcomers. By the beginning of 1965, the population of the region was only 1226.7 thousand people.
In general, the population of the Tyumen region increased 2.8 times in 1961−1990. It should be noted that in the region, due to the chronic lag in the development of social infrastructure, the survival rate of migrants was relatively low: the total migration flow amounted to 15 million people in 1964−1989. The events of recent years have led to an increased outflow of the population.
The discovery of the largest oil and gas fields in Western Siberia has become a powerful impetus for intensive construction in the Tyumen region. In just 20 years, more than forty cities have grown here. So much has not been built anywhere in the world in such a short time.
By providing huge foreign exchange receipts to the treasury, Tyumen residents had the right to expect more attention from the authorities to the development of the social sphere. However, this did not happen. In the Tyumen Region, the share of capital investments in housing and civil engineering in the 1970s and 80s decreased from 17% to 9% of their total volume. Despite all the shortcomings, the discovery of the largest oil and gas fields in Western Siberia has become a powerful impetus for intensive construction in the Tyumen region.
In the north, the construction of the cities of Nadym and Novy Urengoy, as well as the urban-type workers' settlements of Mamontovo, Poikovsky, Novoagansk, Barsovo, Pangody, Tarko-Sale, and Tazovsky began during these years.
The housing stock of cities and workers' settlements in the region increased 8 timesin 1965−1985, including 16 times in the Khanty—Mansiysk Okrug and 16.8 times in the Yamalo—Nenets Autonomous District. Cities and towns are becoming more and more comfortable. The share of housing equipped with running water was 75%, sewerage — 73%, central heating — 78%, hot water supply — 50%, gas — 45%. Along with housing, social and cultural facilities were built: schools — for 302 thousand student places, preschool institutions — for 152 thousand places, hospital facilities — for 14.4 thousand. By 1985, there were 6,906 beds, retail establishments, and catering establishments, with a network of 6,906 and 4,511 units, respectively.
Over 20 years of field development, 14 cities have been built in the Tyumen North, including 10 in the Khanty—Mansiysk and 4 in the Yamalo-Nenets districts. In 1990−1992, they received the status of cities: Pyt-Yakh in the Nefteyugansk district, Lyantorsky in the Surgut district of the Khanty-Mansiysk district, Muravlenkovsky in the Yamalo-Nenets district. Together with the cities, more than 20 urban‑type settlements were built by the end of the 1980s.
Despite certain achievements, the backlog in housing construction was obvious. The objective reason for the social difficulties was the demographic situation in the newly developed areas. At the beginning of field development, new industries needed a large number of workers to form production teams, which the region, especially the oil and gas producing areas, did not have. Therefore, the main contingent of workers and employees of new industries was formed at the expense of newcomers. By the beginning of 1965, the population of the region was only 1226.7 thousand people.
In general, the population of the Tyumen region increased 2.8 times in 1961−1990. It should be noted that in the region, due to the chronic lag in the development of social infrastructure, the survival rate of migrants was relatively low: the total migration flow amounted to 15 million people in 1964−1989. The events of recent years have led to an increased outflow of the population.
The discovery of the largest oil and gas fields in Western Siberia has become a powerful impetus for intensive construction in the Tyumen region. In just 20 years, more than forty cities have grown here. So much has not been built anywhere in the world in such a short time.
By providing huge foreign exchange receipts to the treasury, Tyumen residents had the right to expect more attention from the authorities to the development of the social sphere. However, this did not happen. In the Tyumen Region, the share of capital investments in housing and civil engineering in the 1970s and 80s decreased from 17% to 9% of their total volume. Despite all the shortcomings, the discovery of the largest oil and gas fields in Western Siberia has become a powerful impetus for intensive construction in the Tyumen region.
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