The Tyumen Region, the largest region of the Russian Federation, was established on August 14, 1944. However, fate has united the peoples living here a long time ago. Together they developed this rich region, built the first prisons and towns, raised arable land, and worked in factories. The efforts of the entire population of the country have created a powerful fuel and energy complex, which has no equal in Russia.

Today, 3.1 million people live in the Tyumen region. This land has become a native home for Russians and Tatars, Ukrainians and Belarusians, Germans and Chuvash, Khanty and Mansi, Nenets and Selkups, representatives of many other nationalities. It gave everyone the opportunity to study and work, raise children and take care of the older generations.

This area (1,443.2 thousand square kilometers) could accommodate Great Britain, Germany and France all together.

The nature of the region is rich and diverse. The Arctic tundra in the Far North is replaced by typical tundra and forest tundra, then by a wide belt of taiga forests and, finally, a forest—steppe with fertile soils. From south to north, the river giants Irtysh and Ob cross the territory of the region, into which thousands of smaller rivers and streams flow, teeming with high-quality fish species. The Tyumen region is known for its forest resources and wildlife. World fame has been brought to her by the largest oil and gas reserves on the planet.

In the Tobolsk province, as in the whole of Russia, the armed struggle that took place in Moscow in December 1905 was closely monitored. Most people had mixed feelings about her.

At the end of December 1905, martial law was declared in the southern districts of the Tobolsk province. By order of the authorities, the workers' club and the family and pedagogical circle in Tyumen are closed, and the activities of the Tobolsk Union of Civil Freedom are prohibited. Many leaders and activists of these organizations ended up in prisons.

However, the party work in the province did not stop. In 1906, a social-democratic group was formed in Tobolsk and a social-democratic circle in Ishim, and the first Socialist-Revolutionary organizations appeared. Clandestine printing houses are being set up in Tyumen and Tobolsk.

The most prominent figure among the exiled settlers was one of the leaders of the St. Petersburg Soviet, L. D. Trotsky. The prisoners were transported to Tyumen by rail, and from Tyumen on horseback. On February 12, 1907, on the thirty-third day of the journey, the exiles reached Berezovo. Here Trotsky met F. N. Roshkovsky, who was serving exile in the case of the Tobolsk Union of Civil Freedom, and proposed a plan to escape by reindeer 700 kilometers across the Urals to the Perm Railway.

The relative calm in the Tobolsk province was disrupted by the First World War, which Russia entered in July 1914. In 1914−1916, 223.7 thousand people were conscripted in the Tobolsk province, which accounted for about 11% of the region’s population. As part of the Siberian rifle regiments and formations, Tyumen fought bravely at the front, mainly in its northern and western sectors. Dozens of soldiers from the Tobolsk province became St. George cavaliers. Two officers from Tyumen were awarded the Golden St. George Weapon, a very rare military insignia in Russia.

On April 3, 1918, representatives of a number of provincial councils held a meeting in Tyumen, which, declaring itself a provincial conference, decided to move the provincial center from Tobolsk to Tyumen and formed the provincial executive committee of the soviets. N. M. Nemtsov, one of the leaders of the Tyumen Bolsheviks, became the chairman of the provincial executive committee. At the same time, the nationalization of industrial enterprises, shops and banks began.

The process of transferring powers from the military revolutionary committees to the Soviets ended in 1921. It was abolished by the decree of the Central Executive Committee of November 3, 1923. The territory became part of the newly formed Ural region.